Light Transmitting Samples
Why Measure Color? Many circumstances exist where some form of color measurement is necessary to quantify and assess a product's color or where color is an indirect measure of product quality or processing performance.   Uniformity of Color in Production If the color of a product varies from one batch to another,  it may be perceived as being an inferior product. Performance Indicator Assess the performance of a decolorizing material or  determine a product's suitability for a particular purpose. Product Condition Indicator Indicate the level of purity, the degree of deterioration  over time, adverse growing conditions experienced by natural raw materials or the condition of used product. Content Indicator There is often a correlation between color and chemical or physical content (for example, the amount of fat in milk). In these cases, color measurement may offer a simple  alternative to more complex means of testing. Quality Control A quick check on contamination or degradation An indication of suitability for a particular purpose As a guide to the condition of used product Refining As a measure of progress in refining and processing Feedback for process control and optimization Identification of product grade Inspection of Incoming Materials Assurance that materials meet color specifications Inspection of Final Products Conformance to predetermined color tolerances Compliance with customer specifications
The Color Scales  Color Scale References Scope Range AOCS-Tintometer color AOCS Cc 13b-45 the Wesson Method AOCS Cc 8d-55 AOCS Cc 13j-97 Modified red and yellow version of the Lovibond RYBN scale used for oils, fats and derivatives. 0.1-20 Red 1.0-70 Yellow beta Carotene BS684 section 2.20 Direct measurement of beta carotene content. Parts per million Chlorophyll A & B AOCS Cc 13d-55 Direct measurement of chlorophyll content. Parts per million Dichromate Color Index DGF CI-V 4d (discontinued) Oils and fats where colors are similar to potassium dichromate solutions. 0 - 10 FAC Color AOCS Cc 13a-43 Approved by the Fats Analysis Committee of the American Oil Chemists Society for grading dark colored oils, fats and tallows. 1 - 45 (odd numbers) Gardner color ASTM D 1544 ASTM D 6166 AOCS Td 1A Oils and chemicals ranging from pale yellow to red, including lecithins, resins, drying oils and fatty acids. 1 - 18 units Hess-Ives Color Units   Chemicals and surfactant liquids   Iodine Color DIN 6162 Oils and chemicals ranging from yellow to brown. For colors registering 1 or less on the Iodine scale, the Pt-Co Color Scale is applicable. 1 - 500 units Klett Color (blue filter KS-42) AOCS Dd 5-92 Detergents and surfactants. 0 - 1000 units Kreis Value   Colorimetric test for quality control of fats and oils for oxidative rancidity which uses Lovibond Red units. Depends on concentration and pathlength Lovibond RYBN ISO 15305 BS 684 AOCS Cc 13e-92 AOCS Cc 13j-97 Based on calibrated series of colored glasses in each of the colors red, yellow and blue, going from very pale to dark. It is widely used for oils, chemicals, resins and other transparent liquid products; it is also used for some light-reflecting products susch as fats and waxes. 0.1 - 70 Red, Yellow 0.1 - 40 Blue 0.1 - 3.0 Neutral Platinum-Cobalt/ Hazen/ APHA Color ASTM D 1209 AOCS Ea 9-65 AOCS Td 1b-64 Clear oils, chemicals and petrochemicals such as glycerine, solvents, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum spirits. 0 -500 mg Pt/l Rosin, US Naval Stores ASTM D 509 Rosins varying in color from yellow to reddish orange. XC - D + FF Yellowness Index ASTM D 1925 ASTM E 313 Determination of the degree of yellowness under daylight illumination. Claculated from XYZ tristimulus values.   ASTM Color ASTM D 1500 ISO 2049 ASTM d 6045 JIS K 2580 A wide range of petroleum products including lubricating oils, heating oils and diesel fuel oils. 0.5 - 8 units Dyed Aviation Gasoline ASTM D 2392 Color acceptability of aviation gasoline that has been dyed for easy identification of grade. Minimum and maximum limits of red, blue, green, brown and purple dyes IP Uits IP 17 Method B Light colored products such as refined undyed motor fuel, white spirit or kerosene Water White (0.25) to Standard White (4.0) Saybolt Color ASTM D 156 ASTM D 6045 JIS K 2580 Light colored petroleum products including aviation fuels, kerosene, white mineral oils, hydrocarbon solvents and petroleum waxes. -16 (darkest) to +30 (lightest)

S - included as standard    O - available as optional upgrade

Color Scale

Spectrophotometric Colorimeters

Visual Colorimeters

PFXi995

PFXi950

PFXi880/L

PFXi880/AT

PFXi195/1

PFXi195/3

PFXi195/6

PFXi995/P

PFXi950/P

PFXi880/P

Tintometer Model F

Tintometer AF710-3

AOCS-Tintometer color

S

S

O

S

S

beta Carotene

S

O

O

O

Chlorophyll A & B

S

O

O

O

Dichromate Color Index

FAC Color

S

O

O

O

S

Gardner Color 1963

S

S

O

O

S

S

O

Hess-Ives Color Units

S

O

O

S

Iodine Color

S

O

O

O

S

Klett Color (blue filter KS-42)

S

O

O

O

O

O

S

Kreis Value

S

S

Lovibond RYBN

S

S

S

S

Platinum-Cobalt/Hazen/APHA Color

S

O

O

O

S

O

S

Rosin, US Naval Stores

O

O

O

Yellowness Index

O

O

O

ASTM Color

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

S

S

S

IP Units

S

Saybolt Color

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

S

S

S

Color Values

PFXi995

PFXi950

PFXi880/L

PFXi880/AT

PFXi195/1

PFXi195/3

PFXi195/6

PFXi995/P

PFXi950/P

PFXi880/P

Tintometer Model F

Tintometer AF710-3

XYZ tristimulus values

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

xyY chromaticity co-ordinates

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

CIE L*a*b* color space

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

L*C*h color space

S

O

O

O

S

Hunter L a b color space

S

S

DE color difference

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Transmittance

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Optical density

S

S

S

S

S

Other

Path length

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 50 mm

up to 50 mm

up to 50 mm

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

up to 6" (153mm)

to 5 1/4" (134mm)

Windows software

S

O

O

O

S

S

S

O

O

Integrated heater unit

O

O

O

O

O

O

O